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Dołączył: 11 Gru 2010
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 Wysłany: Czw 8:35, 16 Gru 2010 Temat postu: |
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PEOPLE kill each other over diamonds; countries go to war over oil. But the world's most expensive commodities are worth nothing in the absence of water. Fresh water is essential for life, with no substitute. Although mostly unpriced, it is the most valuable stuff in the world.
people because of expensive goods like diamonds killing each other, between countries because the oil war. However, if the lack of water, the world's most expensive goods will also be worthless. Fresh water is a necessity for human survival, not be replaced. Although there is no price of fresh water, but it is the most precious things.
Nature has decreed that the supply of water is fixed. Meanwhile demand rises inexorably as the world's population increases and enriches itself. Homes, factories and offices are sucking up ever more. But it is the planet's growing need for food (and the water involved in producing crops and meat) that matters most. Farming accounts for 70% of withdrawals.
who provided the nature reserves are fixed, at the same time, along with the dramatic increase in world population, water demand it is inevitable that the rapid growth. Homes, factories and businesses water consumption even more. The most important is the human demand for food continues to grow, including cereals and meat. Agricultural water use accounted for 70% of the total expenditure of water.
Our special report this week looks at the increasingly visible consequences of the rising demand for water. Few of the world's great rivers that run through grain-growing areas now reach the sea all the year round or, if they do, they do so as a trickle. Less obvious, though even more serious, are the withdrawals from underground aquifers, which are hidden from sight but big enough to produce changes in the Earth's gravitational field that can be monitored by NASA's satellites in space. Water tables are now falling in many parts of the world, including America, India and China.
in this week's special report can be seen, the increase in water consumption caused by the adverse consequences. The world where the river flows through the food production areas there is little year-round flowing to the sea, even if there is a trickle. Groundwater exploitation is hidden, not obvious to see breitling watches, but have very serious effects, which will have an impact on Earth's gravitational field, this change has been NASA satellites in space monitored. Groundwater in many parts of the world has begun to decline, including the United States, India and China.
So far the world has been spared a true water war, though the belligerency in Darfur comes close to being one, and competition for water can sometimes bring rivals together as well as drive them apart. But since over 60% of the world's population lives in a river basin shared by two or more countries, the scope for squabbles is plain. Even if acute water shortages were to become widespread in just one country-India, say, or China-they could lead to mass migration and fighting.
So far the world has survived a water war, despite a state of war looming in the Darfur region, but who can scramble for opponents to come together, it can be to make them more distant. More than 60% of the world's population lives in rivers, these rivers means two or more countries compete for the water is clear. Even within a country, a serious water shortage which is very common in India and China has been carrying out large-scale migration and struggle.
Although the supply of water cannot be increased, mankind can use what there is better-in four ways. One is through the improvement of storage and delivery, by creating underground reservoirs, replacing leaking pipes, lining earth-bottomed canals, irrigating plants at their roots with just the right amount of water, and so on. A second route focuses on making farming less thirsty-for instance by growing newly bred, perhaps genetically modified, crops that are drought-resistant or higher-yielding. A third way is to invest in technologies to take the salt out of sea water and thus increase supply of the fresh stuff. The fourth is of a different kind: unleash the market on water-users and let the price mechanism bring supply and demand into balance. And once water is properly priced, trade will encourage well-watered countries to make water-intensive goods, and arid ones to make those that are water-light.
Although the water reserves will not increase, but human beings can be from four aspects of better use of water. First, through the construction of underground reservoirs, replacement of leaky pipes, and underground canals to improve storage and transportation, with the amount of water to irrigate the roots. The second channel is committed does not result in dry crops, such as the cultivation of new species, genetically modified crops, both drought and high yield. First to extract salt from seawater to create new technologies, thereby increasing the stock of fresh water. The fourth method is different, the release of water user market, the price mechanism to bring supply and demand balance, once the price is reasonable, the strength of the country will encourage water-intensive products to water, bring to the arid country light as bright as the hope of water.
Solutions on tap
All four approaches have a part to play in the solution, but none is likely to end the over-drawing of water at all quickly. For instance, although crop yields may be improved by new technologies and even new breeds (especially following this week's genome advance), no one has yet managed to produce plants that offer dramatically more crop per drop. Without such a breakthrough, growing more crops inevitably means losing more water, since each extra plant transpires water vapour into the atmosphere during photosynthesis.
explore solutions to more than four months is a solution lace front wigs, but no one can quickly end water overdraft situation. Through new technologies such as high-yield crop cultivation (especially next week, genome research breakthroughs), no one can produce more plants. Without such a breakthrough, it means that inevitably cause more water waste. Should be in the role of photosynthesis in the plant transpiration is evaporation of moisture in the atmosphere.
Desalination looks more hopeful, since new technologies are being developed and prices are falling. But it is still expensive, especially in terms of energy use, which is why at present it provides only 0.4% of the world's fresh water. It will undoubtedly add to the supply of drinking water, of the ultra-pure water required for some industrial processes, even of irrigation for high-value crops, especially if grown for export. But it won't solve most farmers' water problems.
Desalination hair seems there is still hope, because new technology is reducing its cost, but energy applications, the cost is still expensive, which is why desalination is now only able to provide 4% of the world's fresh water. There is no doubt that desalination of drinking water can increase the amount of water can be used in other industrial production omega watches, even for high value crops, irrigation water, especially those for export, which would address the majority of farmers in water resources.
Liquid assets
As for the market, when it approaches water it meets all sorts of obstacles: water is difficult to move, difficult to measure, difficult to price and often difficult to charge for, since many people think it should be free. Even in arid market economies where every drop is precious, the price of water seldom reflects scarcity. Trading in water rights may one day bring order to the 20m well-users in India, but not in time to feed the 1.4 billion Indian mouths expected by 2025.
liquidity to the market, once proceed with the water problems will encounter various problems. Water is difficult to move, measure, price and charges. Because many people believe that water should be free. Even in the dull market economy, every drop of water is precious little water prices reflect the scarcity of water. In India human hair wigs, water trade can be traded 20 million orders a day, to the 2025 building does not meet the needs of 1.4 billion people.
If that is to be done, it will be done largely by managing demand. This is already beginning to happen in parts of both India and China, where farmers are learning how to measure the water they pump, how to use it to greatest effect and thus how to sustain aquifer levels. The urgent need now is to spread their principles and practices at home and to other countries.
Once done, we should demand a high degree of management. This action in India and China have been carried out, farmers are learning how to measure how their most effective pumping, how to keep the water table. There is an urgent need to spread the principles and practices effectively on their own, and by extension to other countries.
Even if the world manages to limit depletion, many water-related problems will persist. About 1 billion people are still without access to a decent water supply, while others suffer from flooding cartier watches, pollution and poor sanitation. Yet if man wants to solve these problems, he can. He has applied far more money and know-how to issues far less important than the shortage of water. And if he does tackle them successfully, the big causes of human suffering-disease and poverty-will be automatically alleviated. Investing more thought and cash in the better use of the world's most valuable commodity is surely worthwhile.
even to limit water loss, many thought the problem still exists. About 10 million people still without adequate water supply. However, there are some people suffering from floods, water pollution and poor public health threats to the environment. If people want to solve the water problem, of course, can be successfully achieved. More money to apply human and technical know-how far below the importance of water. If you do successfully solve these problems, human suffering, disease and poverty, will be automatically reduced. Investment in the world's most valuable commodity, better use of more thought and cash is definitely worth it.
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